EO Satellites
Directory of EO Satellites
Across the Atlantic region, a vast and growing network of Earth Observation (EO) satellites continuously scans the oceans, atmosphere, and coasts - delivering an unprecedented flow of data to support maritime innovation, sustainability, and safety. From high-resolution radar imaging to multispectral and hyperspectral sensing, today’s EO assets provide near real-time insight into the state of the sea, the movement of vessels, and the health of marine ecosystems.
These systems - operated by ESA, NASA, EUMETSAT, and commercial providers - collect a wealth of complementary measurements: sea-surface temperature, height, and colour; ocean currents and wave patterns; air quality and ship emissions; and even subtle changes in coastal morphology. Together, they form the backbone of a modern digital ocean, underpinning applications across renewable energy, fisheries, navigation, pollution response, and climate resilience.
The following overview highlights key satellite missions contributing to Atlantic maritime monitoring and innovation:
Sentinel-1
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Sentinel-1
A radar mission providing all-weather, day-and-night imaging, Sentinel-1 delivers data for sea-ice monitoring, oil spill detection, vessel tracking, and coastal change mapping. Its C-band SAR enables maritime domain awareness even under cloud cover or darkness.
Sentinel-2
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Sentinel-2
Sentinel-2’s multispectral optical imagery supports coastal and ecosystem monitoring, water quality assessment, and sediment tracking. Its high-resolution, 13-band instrument aids in identifying algal blooms, habitat changes, and coastal erosion.
Sentinel-3
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Sentinel-3
Focused on ocean and climate variables, Sentinel-3 measures sea-surface temperature, colour, and height, supporting applications in metocean forecasting, fisheries management, and pollution detection. It underpins biogeochemical ocean monitoring and sea-level studies.
Sentinel-5P
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Sentinel-5P
Equipped with the TROPOMI spectrometer, Sentinel-5P monitors atmospheric pollutants such as NO₂ and SO₂ from maritime emissions. It supports compliance with IMO air-quality regulations and helps identify shipping emission hotspots.
Sentinel-6
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Sentinel-6
Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich continues the global sea-level climate record, measuring sea-surface height, wave height, and wind speed. Its data are essential for ocean modelling, climate assessment, and coastal resilience planning.
SWOT (NASA)
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SWOT (NASA)
The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission provides ultra-high-resolution measurements of ocean surface height, revealing small-scale circulation, eddies, and currents. This data improves forecasts for navigation, fisheries, and pollution transport.
Spire Global Constellation
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Spire Global Constellation
Spire’s nanosatellites collect global data on ship positions, weather, and radio-frequency activity. Its STRATOS payload measures sea-surface conditions and atmospheric profiles, while MARITIME 2.0 delivers advanced global AIS tracking for vessel safety and security.
TerraSAR-X
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TerraSAR-X
Germany’s X-band radar satellite offers sub-meter imaging for detailed vessel detection, oil-spill monitoring, and polar sea-ice mapping. Its all-weather capability supports coastal surveillance and environmental protection.
RADARSAT Constellation
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RADARSAT Constellation
Canada’s three-satellite C-band radar system provides wide-area imaging for ship detection, ice monitoring, and oil-spill response. It enhances maritime situational awareness in high latitudes and across the Atlantic basin.
ICEYE
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ICEYE
A commercial microsatellite constellation providing rapid-revisit radar imaging for maritime intelligence. ICEYE detects vessels, oil slicks, and flood events in near-real time, supporting security and emergency response.
WorldView
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WorldView
Maxar’s WorldView series delivers ultra-high-resolution optical imagery (as fine as 0.3 m), used for ship identification, port monitoring, and coastal infrastructure analysis. It complements radar data with true-colour, multispectral views.
PRISMA
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PRISMA
Italy’s hyperspectral mission captures detailed spectral information across 239 bands, enabling detection of pollutants, sediment plumes, and ecosystem changes in coastal and nearshore waters.
Meteorological Satellites (Meteosat, GOES, JPSS)
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Meteorological Satellites (Meteosat, GOES, JPSS)
These geostationary and polar-orbiting systems continuously observe the atmosphere–ocean interface, providing real-time data on storms, sea-surface temperature, and weather patterns critical to maritime forecasting and safety.
